Do brackets first, then × and ÷, then + and −. Example: 3 + (4 × 5) = 23.
Break numbers. Example: 48 × 5 = (50 − 2) × 5 = 250 − 10 = 240.
Line method. Example: 34 × 12 = 34 × (10 + 2) = 340 + 68 = 408. For division, use multiples to make exact results.